5 Common Types of Unauthorized Access and How to Combat Them. September 15, 2015. Proximity cards and smart cards are much less susceptible to duplication, and smart proximity cards can be programmed with much more information than access cards, allowing them to be used for a variety of interactive applications in addition to physical. Keri's KC-10X Standard Light Proximity Card provides maximum read range performance in a package. Limited lifetime warranty against defects in materials.

The proximity card coil of an electronic fare collection systemA proximity card or prox card is a contactless which can be read without inserting it into a reader device, as required by earlier such as and contact type smart cards. The proximity cards are part of the contactless card technologies. Held near an electronic reader for a moment they enable the identification of an encoded number. The reader usually produces a beep or other sound to indicate the card has been read.The term 'proximity card' refers to the older 125 kHz devices as distinct from the newer 13.56 MHz. Second generation prox cards are used for mass and distance reading applications.

Proximity cards typically have a read range of up to 50 cm (. Contents.Types Passive cards Passive 125 kHz cards, the more widely used type which were described above, are powered by signals from the reader device and so have a limited range and must be held close to the reader unit. They are used as for access control doors in office buildings.

A version with more memory, are used for other applications:, systems, and fare cards.Active cards Active 125 kHz prox cards, sometimes called – , are powered by an internal lithium battery. They can have a greater range, up to 2 meters (6 ft).

Other contactless technologies like UHF (Ultra High Frequency) smart cards can reach up to 150 meters (500 ft) and are often used for applications where the card is read inside a vehicle, such as security gates which open when a vehicle with the access card inside approaches,. The battery eventually runs down, however, and the card must be replaced after 2 to 7 years.Method of operation The card and the reader unit communicate with each other through 125 kHz radio frequency fields (13.56 MHz for the cards) by a process called. Passive cards have three components which are sealed inside the plastic: an antenna consisting of a coil of wire, a, and an (IC) which contains the user's ID number in specific formats and no other data. The reader has its own antenna, which continuously transmits a short range radio frequency field.When the card is placed within range of the reader, the antenna coil and capacitor, which form a, absorb and store energy from the field, at the frequency emitted by the reader. This energy is to which powers the.

The chip sends its ID number or other data to the antenna coil, which transmits it by radio frequency signals back to the reader unit. The reader checks whether the ID number from the card is correct, and then performs whatever function it has been programmed to do for that ID number.

All the energy to power the card comes from the reader unit, so passive cards must be close to a reader to transmit their data.An active card contains a flat in addition to the above components to power it. The integrated circuit contains a which uses the battery's power to the signal from the reader unit so it is stronger, allowing the card to detect the reader at a greater distance. The battery also powers a circuit in the chip which transmits a stronger return signal to cover the greater distance.Standards for Proximity cards Proximity cards are all proprietary. This is also the case of the memory-based first generation of. This means that there is no compatibility between the readers of a specific brand and the cards of another brand.are covered by the and/or the OR standards. These standards define two types of card ('A' and 'B', each with different ) which typically have a range up to 10 cm (4 inches). The related standard typically works up to a longer range of 100 cm (39 inches).The reality is that as well as can only be fully implemented on microprocessor-based cards.

The best way to check if a technology meets ISO standard is to ask the manufacturer if it can be emulated on other devices without any proprietary hardware.125 kHz Readers and formats The card readers communicate in various protocols, for example the that consists of a data 0 and a data 1 circuit (or binary or simple on/off (digital) type circuit). Other known protocols are mono directional Clock and Data or bidirectional OSDP (RS 485), RS 232 or UART.

The earliest card formats were up to 64 bits long. As demand has increased, bit size has increased to continue to provide unique numbers. Often, the first several bits can be made identical; these are called facility or site codes. The idea is that company A has a facility code of xn and a card set of 0001 through 1000 and company B has a facility code of yn and a card set also of 0001 through 1000. For smartcards, a numbering system is internationally harmonized and allocated by Netherlands-based according to and ISO/IEC 15459 standards.See also.References.

If you're stuck at home away from people, you might quickly run out of things to do - the only last so long, doesn't keep feeling personal forever, and get old when you're sick to death of your loved ones.It's great then that everyone's favorite nihilistic game, Cards Against Humanity, can be played online.Cards Against Humanity is a popular card game (no points for guessing that) which challenges players to come up with funny answers to a question in order to win rounds. You don't need to be witty, or absurd, in order to win - this is a game where being inappropriate is the way to win. If you're playing on a smartphone, maybe a tablet with a bigger screen will be useful? Check out our list of the, as well as the and.But those packs you're playing Cards Against Humanity with don't need to be physical ones, and it's very possible to play the game online with people on your computer or smartphone, or even play against an AI supercomputer that undoubtedly looks like South Park's Funnybot.We'll take you through a few options you've got. So, get those friends or family ready, and boot up one of these websites. If you've seen all these options and still want to buy a physical set of Cards Against Humanity, because you like real objects or just want to support the creators, the game's store has sets for you. No expansionsIf you just want to jump into a game of Cards Against Humanity online with a few friends, we'd recommend this option as it's the simplest, although there are no expansions and the software is.

Well, simple.To use it, head to, head down to 'Remote Insensitivity' and click it. (We know, this isn't the name of the game you were expecting to play, we'll get to that). Then click 'Start Game', share that link with your co-carders so they can jump in too and select 'Enter Game'.Now you've got a digital card board, with black and white cards at the top (with discard piles), space to play white cards in the middle, winning piles for your black cards to the left and right, and a large white box at the bottom. This white box is your private area, as no-one else can see cards here, while they can everywhere else.The computer isn't going to play the game for you, and in playing cards you have to deal, move cards about, and discard by yourself.

This recreates the feel of playing it in real life, but it can be a bit of a nuisance that the game isn't automated for you.It's possible to see where your co-carders' mouses or fingers are too (as this works whether you're playing on computer or smartphone, and the players can be on either), so you can see who's dealing or if someone is trying to peek at cards you've played.So why are you playing 'Remote Insensitivity' instead of 'Cards Against Humanity'? Well, we'll quote the website itself from.

'In order to comply with the CAH trademark, we're substituting the game with 'Remote Insensitivity'. It has all the same cards thanks to the CAH card text being licensed under Creative Commons'. So this is still a valid way of playing Cards Against Humanity.Play: head to(Image credit: Pretend You're Xyzzy) Option 2: Pretend You're Xyzzy. Pretty complicated to set upThere are some limitations on the previous entry that this option fixes: namely, you can fit far, far more people in a game, and also you can use any of the numerous expansions should you wish.Pretend You're Xyzzy is a version of cards against humanity that may not look great, but lends itself to a better experience if you want depth of play.

Head to, find yourself a unique username, click 'Create Game' in the top left corner, share your URL to your friends so they can join too, and while you wait customize the options you want to play.When enough people have joined, you can kick off and play that game with as many expansions and extra rules as you like, like a time multiplier or points limit. You can also let people be spectators, and watch without playing.Pretend You're Xyzzy has a chat log so you don't actually need to be on a video call to play, and you can set a password if you don't want certain friends joining. However, the UI doesn't exactly look as pretty as the alternatives on this list.Play: head over to(Image credit: Cards Against Humanity) Option 3: Cards Against Humanity Lab.

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New cardsCards Against Humanity has its own way to play online, of sorts, but it's not exactly a social experience.CAH Lab is an AI that plays you a black card, and gives you a selection of white cards. You have to choose the funniest, or proclaim that none are funny, and keep playing. The point of this is not for you to have fun, but for the AI to learn which cards are best, but it's still a pretty enjoyable experience if no-one's around to play.The CAH AI can come up with some pretty spectacular choices, and it can be familiar to anyone who plays the base game with the 'Rando Cardissian' rule, which involves playing an extra white card each turn on behalf of a ghostly extra.Lots of the cards that you find in the CAH Lab are ones that aren't actually in the game packs.

This can give you an insight into future expansions, and can be refreshing when games with the base pack quickly become routine. Some of them are. Less than funny though.Play: head over to(Image credit: All Bad Cards) Option 4: All Bad Cards.

No instructions for newbiesWhile the prior entries on this list are long-standing sites, All Bad Cards was created for all the people looking for online versions of Cards Against Humanity during the coronavirus pandemic.The game is created by member of Bungie's team (developers of Halo and Destiny) and feels a little smoother and easier to use than the prior entries of this list. The game is more automated too, and you don't have to drag the cards around yourself, making it better for people who aren't so tech-savvy.It's not entirely clear if expansions are included in the game (maybe people who know which cards are part of the expansions would know), or the max number of players, but unlike some of the other entries on this list you can play it with two people if you just want to mess about with funny combinations.Play: head over to.(Image credit: Shutterstock) Option 5: Use the internet to print off the cards. Killing the environmentIf a computer or smartphone is something you use only begrudgingly, you don't need to play a whole game of Cards Against Humanity on it if you don't want, as you can actually print off the cards from the game's website.If you head to one of the top options is to view a PDF of all the cards.

Simply open this, print if off ( if you need to buy a printer) and cut the sheet into the cards. The is also available this way.Only the base game is available to print off, so if you want expansions you're going to have to buy them, and of course printing out loads of paper isn't exactly eco-friendly, so perhaps this is better as a last recourse if computers aren't for you.Play: head over to.